| Author (s): |
GHOTBZADEH KERMANI, Yalda
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| Title: |
UTILIZATION OF PROTEOMICS APPROACH TO UNDERSTAND GENES ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF BIOTIC STRESS IN PLANTS |
| Abstract: |
Of the most fundamental fields of modern biology is transcriptomics, with a focal point on the expression pattern of plants under various conditions by assessing ribonucleic acid. So far, this approach has been a game-changer in revealing the gene structure, function, and most importantly, their cellular and biological role. Considering the criticality of pathogens for crop plants, understanding plant defense mechanisms against them is in high demand. This study aimed to review the principles of these approaches and their recent application in the plant. An Important method to address this gap is transcriptomics, which can effectively provide insight into plants against pathogens. This field has covered different aspects of plant biology besides the plant-pathogen relationship. Identifying pathogens in infected plants and the series of reactions they provoke at the gene level is crucial to finding the responsible gene (s). Finding the gene associated with resistance or vulnerability to a specific pathogen paves the way to differentiate the potential genotypes. Thus, the breeding attempts would be more successful. The advancement in biotechnology has revolutionized this field with some of the methods that have been commonly applied in studies on the plant-pathogen relationship, for instance, Northern blotting, microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction.
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| Keywords: |
plant-pathogen relationship, gene expression, polymerase chain reaction, microarray method, SAGE.
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| Year: |
2021
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| Initial page: |
1
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| Final page: |
13
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| Link: |
Acessar |
| DOI: |
10.48141/SBJCHEM.v29.n30.2021.01_KERMANI_pgs_01_13.pdf |
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| Author (s): |
DELAVAR, Kourosh; YAZDANI, Mojtaba; JALAEE, Hossain
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| Title: |
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF SILICON AND SILICON NANO-CHELATE IN REDUCING THE IMPACT OF SALINITY STRESS ON WHEAT SEEDLINGS |
| Abstract: |
Today, salinity stress causes extensive damage to crops, and high soil salinity is one of the limiting factors for crop yields. A practical approach to lessen the negative effect of salinity stress is to use mineral nutrition methods such as spraying plants with silicone. To investigate and compare the effect of silicon and silicon nano-chelate on the wheat plant resistance (Shiroodi cultivar) to salinity stress, a factorial experiment was designed and conducted in a completely randomized design with five replications under hydroponic conditions. Experimental treatments included concentrations of 0 and 2 mmol/L silicon, 0 and 0.424 g/L silicon nano-chelate, 0 and 150 mmol/L sodium chloride, and their interaction. The growth and physiological indices showed that salinity stress decreasing effect on shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, catalase activity, and ascorbate peroxidase. These increases indicate the activation of the plant defense system against salinity stress conditions. The results also showed that silicon nano-chelate treatment under salinity stress reduced dry and fresh weights of roots and shoots. These two compounds additionally influenced the content of catalase activity, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase content in shoots. Simultaneously, the silicon and silicon nano-chelate treatment under salinity stress reduced the dry and fresh weight of roots and shoots, catalase activity, and ascorbate peroxidase. Therefore, the results obtained in this study generally showed that silicon under salinity stress increased plant growth and positively affected the activity of its antioxidant system. But silicon nano-chelate not only did not improve plant performance but also reduced its growth.
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| Keywords: |
salinity stress, silicon, wheat (Shiroodi cultivar), antioxidants, potassium.
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| Year: |
2021
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| Initial page: |
14
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| Final page: |
24
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| Link: |
Acessar |
| DOI: |
10.48141/SBJCHEM.v29.n30.2021.02_DELAVAR_pgs_14_24.pdf |
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| Author (s): |
nitrogen, vegetative growth, root yield, extractable sucrose, salinity stress
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| Title: |
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE RESPONSES OF TWO LINES OF SUGAR BEET (Beta vulgaris L) TO SALINITY |
| Abstract: |
Sugar beet is a crop able to resist high levels of soil salinity after emergence and establishment. Considering the significant difference in the effect of nitrogen forms on sugar beet performance under normal conditions, the form of nitrogen may affect the performance of sugar beet plants under abiotic stress, particularly salinity. Additionally, exploring the most appropriate type of nitrogen for sugar beet could mean optimizing sucrose content. Therefore, here using two lines, sugar beet was grown in pots (filled with 4 kg soil), salt-resistance (line 7233- p.29 x Mst), and salt-sensitive (line 3929-21939), the effect of two different forms of nitrate in the form of calcium nitrate (1 g per pot) and ammonium in the form of ammonium sulfate (1 g per pot) under normal and salt stress condition (40 Millimoles per liter sodium chloride) were evaluated. The result revealed the positive influence of nitrate over ammonium by indicating higher dry weight in both sensitive line: 19.2 and 13.6 g, and tolerance line: 20.4 and 13.6 g, respectively alone and in combination with salinity stress. Similarly, root yield levels positively influenced by nitrate treatment either alone or under salinity stress (sensitive line: 194.5 and 243.2 g and tolerance line: 207 and 249.5 g). The outcomes additionally showed the accumulation of proline aerial parts in both lines, and however, the proline accumulation of sensitive line was higher (3.9 mg/g dry weight). Moreover, induction of proline aggregation was considerably higher in nitrate nitrogen-treated sensitive line (9.3 mg/g dry weight). The absence of significant difference was obseved between nitrogen treatments in terms of extractable sucrose and root molasses sugar. Also, the root impurities increased in those treated with nitrate-nitrogen and salinity. It can be concluded that nitrate-nitrogen has improved the performance of both sugar beet lines against salinity stress, and its practical application is adviseable.
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| Keywords: |
YAZDANI, Mojtaba.
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| Year: |
2021
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| Initial page: |
25
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| Final page: |
35
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| Link: |
Acessar |
| DOI: |
10.48141/SBJCHEM.v29.n30.2021.03_YAZDANI_pgs_25_35.pdf |
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| Author (s): |
TIMOSHIN, Anton; DOROFEEV, Aleksei; ERSHOV, Kirill; PUSTOKHINA, Inna; EMELINA, Elena
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| Title: |
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF THE ORAL MUCOSA WITH PHYTO-OINTMENT BASED ON PHYTOECDYSTEROIDS |
| Abstract: |
An indicator of the health of the human body in the state of the oral mucosa. Mechanical and chemical factors constantly influence it. At the first stage of the study, a comparative analysis of the frequency of various forms of traumatic injuries of the oral mucosa was carried out. The distribution of patients into groups was also carried out, depending on the medicinal product used. Then clinical examinations were carried out. After that, the therapy of traumatic erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa began. The developed method for treating traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa with medicine based on phytoecdysteroids provides for eliminating the traumatic factor, applying ointment based on phytoecdysteroids to the dried out focus twice a day. The use of phyto-ointment leads to complete repair of traumatic erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa on average by the eighth day from the start of treatment; a similar effect with the use of "Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste" is achieved by the tenth day, and the gel "Cholisal Dental" - at a later date, which is confirmed in this study. The most significant positive effect on the level of quality of life associated with the effectiveness of treatment of traumatic erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa in comparison with the dental “Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste” and the gel “Cholisal Dental” is exerted by phyto-ointment, where a decrease in the total points was recorded. When conducting routine examinations of patients, it is necessary to pay attention to the oral mucosa damage. Moreover, in treating traumatic injuries of the oral mucosa, it is recommended to use phytoointment, which contains phytoecdysteroids.
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| Keywords: |
oral mucosa, phytoecdysteroids, erosive and ulcerative lesions, trauma to the oral mucosa.
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| Year: |
2021
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| Initial page: |
36
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| Final page: |
46
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| Link: |
Acessar |
| DOI: |
10.48141/SBJCHEM.v29.n30.2021.04_TIMOSHIN_pgs_36_43.pdf |
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| Author (s): |
SH, Ruaa; MOHAMMED, Suhad; NAJI, Hamid
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| Title: |
EVALUATION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM STIMULATION WITH VACCINE PREPARED AGAINST INDUCED BREAST CANCER IN ALBINO MICE |
| Abstract: |
This study was designed to prepare vaccines. Cancer vaccines promote the destruction of cancer cells,and the cancer cells contain special antigens on their surface when the vaccine is given, it acts as an antigen to activate the immune system. The IL-2 stimulates the response to a type of cells called T-cell, and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) targeting cancer cells by stimulating the immunity to respond with it two types including innate andadaptive immunity, that lead to stimulating the immune system to reduce mammary adenocarcinoma induction in lab mice using T4-1 cell line breast cancer by taking blood and serum to evaluate the immune system efficacy. The tumor induction success by monitoring mice body weight loss showed the lost weight began in the third week after tumor induction, so 23.2 g at first and second week to 14.35 g at the end of the fourth week, whereas the control animals were weighed 32.37 g. The immunity system efficacy results appear a difference in blood and serum parameters after cancer induction. The result shows an increase in total WBC and monocytes (5900, 0.2 cells/mm respectively) but non significantly decreased in neutrophils and lymphocytes count (2.6, 5.9 cells/mm, respectively). Therefore, the first and second doses of vaccines increased the antibody and complement of the immune system compared with control. While Eliaza data for cytokines profile referred to elevated IL2 (26.5 pg/ml)in the serum of vaccination mice but only significantly decreased in IL6 and IL-22 amount (20.4 and 19.6 pg/ml respectively) comparing with control.
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| Keywords: |
anti-tumor cytokines, murine cell line, immunotherapy, IL2, outer membrane vesicles.
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| Year: |
2021
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| Initial page: |
44
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| Final page: |
52
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| Link: |
Acessar |
| DOI: |
10.48141/SBJCHEM.v29.n30.2021.05_MOHAMMED_pgs_44_52.pdf |
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| Author (s): |
KLASNER, Georgy Georgievich; SPIRIDONOV, Alexandr Maximovich
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| Title: |
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF MANURE FRACTIONATION ON PIG FARMS USING A SPIRAL-SCREW MECHANISM |
| Abstract: |
The main vector of mechanization and automation of livestock farming at the present stage of technological development of producers is the improvement of resource-saving technologies and technical devices that enables agricultural producers to produce relatively expensive and high-quality equipment to improve conditions for the animals. This article was considered a method for effective fractionation of manure on pig farms to further obtain humus for soil fertilization. The optimal conditions for the performance of the presented gadget were identified, namely: the time spent by the manure mass in the rotor is 0.1, with a separation factor of 170 to 180, the partition for the filter is made of metal sheet with holes whose diameter varies from 0.8 to 1.5 mm and a thickness of no more than 1 mm. The device presented in the manuscript has several advantages in the form of automation, low energy consumption and cost, novelty, and high efficiency.
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| Keywords: |
Humus, pig farming, fractionation, manure, centrifuge, spiral..
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| Year: |
2021
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| Initial page: |
53
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| Final page: |
64
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| Link: |
Acessar |
| DOI: |
10.48141/SBJCHEM.v29.n30.2021.06_KLASNER_pgs_53_64.pdf |
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