SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

Background: Researchers are carried out to assess rocks containing potassium as an alternative source of fertilizers. These studies are important in reducing the external dependence of Brazil on this commodity. Phonolite is a rock of volcanic origin that has in its mineralogical composition the predominance of feldspar and has been potential to use as an alternative potassium source. The studied rock has 6% total-K but is unavailable to plants in natural rock. Aim: This project evaluated the effect of mechanical activation, wet and dry, on K availability for extractors different and its K leaching curves of phonolite from Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil. Methods: Phonolite rock was subjected to mechanical activation for 30 and 60 min by wet and dry processes. Particle size distribution, XRD, and FTIR analyses characterized phonolite activated. These results were compared to the behavior of the rock with no activation. K availability (total; water-soluble; exchangeable, non-exchangeable, and structural) was determined in samples activated and no activation. K leaching curves were obtained by successive extractions with 0.01 mol L-1 citric acid and Mehlich-1 solutions to 1812 h and analyzed by FAAS. Results: The samples mechanical activation promoted a reduction in the intensity of the diffraction peaks. In the sample dry mechanical activation for 60 min, K released increased by 15% in relation to the no activation sample. K leaching curves were observed with similar behavior for the extractors and higher K availability after 235 h of total contact time. Discussion: Mechanical activation promoted a decrease in structural K and an increase in non-exchangeable K, released into the soil solution in the medium term. Since the mineralogical composition was not changed, the process action is more efficient in creating the structural defects suggested. K leaching curves corroborate these results, with a continuous and slow K released for a longer contact time. Conclusions: It was concluded that the phonolite activated by dry mechanical activation for 60 min increased K-released content compared with the wet process and ratified the possibility of the activated phonolite rock as a slow-release fertilizer.

Background: Despite innovations in orthopedic dentistry, the manufacture of removable dentures belongs to the most popular orthopedic care category. Removable dentures are combined stimuli that affect the mucous membrane and neuro-receptor apparatus. Acrylic plastic prostheses, widely used in prosthetic dentistry, have a negative side mechanical, chemical-toxic, sensitizing, and thermal insulating effect on oral tissue and prosthetic impression area. This is often complicated by a violation of the biocenosis of the oral cavity, the growth of pathogenic microflora that releases toxins, especially an increase in the number of yeast colonies that irritate the oral mucosa and prosthetic stomatitis. According to the WHO, one-fifth of the world s population suffers or has suffered various candidiasis forms at least once. The worldwide increase in the incidence of the disease is primarily related to the fact that this infection is opportunistic, more than half of the world s population is a carrier of fungi of this kind, i.e., in most cases, it is an endogenous infection, which makes candidiasis different from other opportunistic mycoses. Aims: The purpose of this study was to study the prevalence of candidiasis in patients using removable dentures and to evaluate the effectiveness and prevention of candidiasis treatment. Methods: 100 patients with oral candidiasis of various age groups from 45 to 65 years were observed. Of these, 60 patients with removable plate prostheses; 40 patients with partially removable prostheses. Results and Discussion: Chronic forms of candidiasis were diagnosed in 40 patients and with exacerbation of chronic forms of candidiasis-60 people. The number of untreated carious cavities and poor hygienic condition of the oral cavity directly affects the severity of candidiasis. Acute forms of candidiasis were observed mainly in patients with high DMF and PMA indices. The severity of candidiasis depends on the degree and duration of wearing dentures and hygienic conditions - the most severe forms of invasive candidiasis were observed in the presence of removable plate prostheses, the complete absence of teeth, and the use of a prosthesis for more than 10-15 years. A combined lesion of the oral mucosa and the red border of the lips was observed mainly in patients older than 60 years. Conclusions: The presence of candidiasis in the oral cavity in patients with removable plate prostheses leads to a statistically significant change in the indicators of local immunity of the oral cavity: an increase in the concentration of serum IgG and IgA and the values of the coefficient of the balance of local immunity factors.

An indicator of the health of the human body in the state of the oral mucosa. Mechanical and chemical factors constantly influence it. At the first stage of the study, a comparative analysis of the frequency of various forms of traumatic injuries of the oral mucosa was carried out. The distribution of patients into groups was also carried out, depending on the medicinal product used. Then clinical examinations were carried out. After that, the therapy of traumatic erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa began. The developed method for treating traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa with medicine based on phytoecdysteroids provides for eliminating the traumatic factor, applying ointment based on phytoecdysteroids to the dried out focus twice a day. The use of phyto-ointment leads to complete repair of traumatic erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa on average by the eighth day from the start of treatment; a similar effect with the use of "Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste" is achieved by the tenth day, and the gel "Cholisal Dental" - at a later date, which is confirmed in this study. The most significant positive effect on the level of quality of life associated with the effectiveness of treatment of traumatic erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa in comparison with the dental “Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste” and the gel “Cholisal Dental” is exerted by phyto-ointment, where a decrease in the total points was recorded. When conducting routine examinations of patients, it is necessary to pay attention to the oral mucosa damage. Moreover, in treating traumatic injuries of the oral mucosa, it is recommended to use phytoointment, which contains phytoecdysteroids.